According to the authors, Farming is the physical act of converting inputs such as seedlings, feeds, water, manure, and insecticides into main crops such as wheat, tubers, and animals on particular farmland using soil and machines. The lack of classic capitalism specialization in Farming is driven by agriculture production’s economic and personal characteristics. First, farm owning is unappealing to investment because it cannot be amortized, and farm investments have very liquidity problems due to a narrow agricultural real estate sector. Second, because farming operations are geographically extensive, it’s hard to control the workforce cycle on quite intensive agriculture. 3rd scale economies are challenging to attain further than what micro businesses have already achieved, whereas in Agrifood chains are the connected occurrences in the agro-based food production – the process became a sequence of events from shows to processing, able to trade, distribution, and usage. Existing practices may be changed at every stage of the food supply chain to be a little less energy-dense and thus wiser.

The agri-food system, on the other hand, also isn’t farming. It covers the business operation and the manufacturing, transport, and sales of agricultural inputs and the shipping, refining, and advertising of agricultural outputs. Whereas Farming involves a fundamentally essential step in the agriculture production chain, farming inputs and the translation of farm products into consumer products have been developed to control the agricultural system. (Busch et al, page 321-346)

Farming now makes up for approximately 10.2 percent of the additional value in the agrifood system, with 25percent of the food dollar progressing to harvest crops inputs and the residual 65percent heading to mass transit, manufacturing, and advertising, that also transform agricultural goods into the consumer merchandise. In contrast, at the beginning of the century, the contribution made on the farm was about 40.5%. Many of these inputs now are bought in the context of sales seeds, whereas in agrifood systems, the industrial process, the manufacturing of agricultural machinery, chemical products, and seed pods, as well as the transition of winnowed grains into a package of cereal at the checkout line are controlled entirely by funds and its requirements, the challenge for finance is lying in the middle of the transition of petroleum into corn chips. (Lewontin et al, page 72-76)